Introduction to substations annotated instructors guide module overview this module introduces trainees to the function of substations at all levels of the power grid, with an introduction to typical substation components included. Fundamentals of substation equipment and control systems october 2325, 20 in madison, wisconsin january 2022, 2014 in lake buena vista, florida a practical introduction to equipment and control systems this basic course in substation equipment and controls will introduce you to the equipment that makes up an electric substation. Whether its brute force containment, sound barrier protection or improved aesthetics, the valmont substation protection series provides the answer. Centralized substation protection and control ieee psrc. This guide has been developed to address electric substation fire risk. Protective relays, associated communication systems, voltage and. The objective of this study of substation equipment and protection electrical and electronics engineering eee final year project report is to present protection guidelines that address the above concerns and prevent the electronic equipment failures in substations. Our electrical substation maintenance course focuses on maintenance and testing of switchgear, circuit. The installation of surge arresters is the common practice for the protection of the distribution substations against lightning overvoltages that may cause serious damages to the equipment.
Dec 31, 2015 lightning arrestor is the first equipment of the substation connecting the incoming transmission lines. Pdf lightning overvoltage and protection of power substations. A substation is a part of an electrical generation, transmission, and distribution system. There is numerous electrical substation components like outgoing and incoming circuitry each of which having its circuit breakers, isolators, transformers, and busbar system etc for the smooth functioning of the system. Electrical substation components list diagram, working.
Fundamentals of electrical substations and switchgear. Iec 61850 digital substation design tutorial for novices antonio riccardo jr. The design of a lightning protection system lps is dependent on several aspects of the system and on the surrounding areas. Iec 61850 digital substation design tutorial for novices.
Substation interview questions answers engineering tutorial. Study of substation equipment and protection projects. The rolling sphere method provides superior protection from strikes to the substations equipment, however, the low historical gfd and the small equipment area mean there is a low anticipated frequency of strikes within the equipment area. Practical electrical substation safety for engineers. Single line to ground twoline to ground 3phase lvpes of tjjioa lts.
Upon entering an attended substation, each employee, other than employees regularly working in the station, shall report his or her presence to the employee in charge of substation activities to receive information on special system conditions affecting employee safety. Lightning arrestors also placed in the substation between both the ends of major equipment such as power transformers for protection. Basic sas architectures 3 distributed bay controllers implement interlocking and interface ieds ieds implement protection. Smaller distribution stations may use recloser circuit breakers or fuses for protection of distribution circuits. In a large substation, circuit breakers are used to interrupt any shortcircuits or overload currents that may occur on the network. If protection is not installed then you can watch them explode. Substation construction manual i reference ni000401r122 ver 3 ergon energy corporation limited abn 50 087 646 062 ergon energy queensland pty ltd abn 11 121 177 802 revision history version description of change date 1 initial version 250320 2 content revised and.
Engineers who need a comprehensive understanding of the design concepts and methods used in protecting highvoltage electrical substation bus and power transformers should take this course. Basic substation configurations and the components. The substation fire risk strategies in this document are based on industry standards and good practices. Purpose of substations in general, a substation is a power system facility that contains power system. The electricity substation is a network of electrical equipment which is connected in a structured way in order to supply electricity to end consumers. Dec 25, 2018 relays are a dedicated component of electrical substation equipment for the protection of system against abnormal situations e. Pdf protection coordination in electrical substation part2 unit. Oct, 2011 the objective of this study of substation equipment and protection electrical and electronics engineering eee final year project report is to present protection guidelines that address the above concerns and prevent the electronic equipment failures in substations. The station may consist of transformers, switches, circuit breakers and other auxilliary equipment. Best practices for protection and control applications for. Nov 27, 2012 ieee guide for substation fire protection redline abstract.
A case study for substation lightning strike risk evaluation. The study of 220kv power substation equipment details eep. Under abnormal conditions, switchgear equipment automatically disconnects faulted equipment from the rest of the power system as soon as possible, in order to minimize damage. Electrical substation equipment for transferring of electrical power from generating unit to distributing units various types of electrical equipment are required. The equipment like bus bars, isolator, power transformer etc. Electric substations with equipment used to convert highvoltage, extrahighvoltage ehv, or ultrahighvoltage uhv transmission lines to the intermediate voltage subtransmission lines or to switch subtransmission circuits operating at voltages in the range of 34. Relays are designed to permit differences in the input currents as a result of current transformer mismatch and applications where the input currents come from different system. The smart substation should make full use of advanced technologies, such as big data, mobile interconnection, artificial intelligence, and image recognition, to realize the intelligent operation and maintenance of substation equipment in the mode of highest efficiency and lowest cost, with the functions of.
Trends in the field of substation automation systems before the introduction of microprocessorbased equipment and serial communication in substations, protection, control and monitoring were handled separately by different, dedicated pieces of equipment and resulted in the responsibilities being split between various. Faults instrument transformers correlation to drawings. Substation equipment substation control house substation bus configurations. Substations generally have switching, protection and control equipment and one or more transformers. Distribution substation protection needs above a minimum protection needed to avoid injury to people and damage to equipment, the level of protection of a substation is determined by how critical the loss of power is to the load. Design study for 3311 kv substation, distribution and. Evaluation of a centralized substation protection and. The role of protection is not to prevent a fault from occurring but deal with it if one occurs and protect the power network as well as the primary equipment.
All rus borrowers rus electric staff effective date. The substation design manual is not intended to replace asset management standards, but rather to act as a reference document that crossreferences existing standards and process documentation and plugs any gaps where asset management documentation does not exist. Electrical transmission, distribution and switching substations generally have switching, protection and control equipment and one or more transformers. Oct 06, 2015 introduction substation protection system power system protection is a branch of electrical power engineering that deals with the protection of electrical power systems from faults through the isolation of faulty parts. Substations transform voltage from high to low, or the reverse, or perform any of several other important functions. The substation would be a combination of switching, controlling, and voltage stepdown equipment arranged to reduce subtransmission voltage to primary distribution voltage for residential, commercial, and industrial loads.
A diverter is connected in parallel or shunt with the equipment to. Terminal equipment at the substation is protected against by surge diverters, also called surge arrester or lightning arresters. The loss of electrical power to a hospital is very serious while the loss of power to a residence is inconvenient. Provides equipment protection for transformers, lines, cables. Transmission, sub transmission and distribution substation 4. Prot 411 provides an indepth study of the methods used in designing protection for highvoltage power transformer protection and substation bus protection. Basic sas architectures 3 distributed bay controllers implement interlocking and interface ieds ieds implement protection and switching hmi allows local control and system. This document provides recommendations for fire prevention and fire protection for electric generating plants and high voltage direct current converter stations, except as follows. Shielding methods do not permit an arc to form between the conductor and ground. Substation equipment and functions equipment type function substation. Sep 16, 2012 ac power is required for substation building small power, lighting, heating and ventilation, some communications equipment, switchgear operating mechanisms, anticondensation heaters and motors. This bulletin is an update and revision of previous rea bulletin 651, design guide for rural substations revised june 1978.
Numbers of breakers, disconnect switches, transformers, auxiliaries, protective devices, lines and other equipment. Safety procedures formulated to meet requirements outlined in nesc and other standards go a long way in making substations more secure against known hazards and triggers. Abb is a specialist in power system protection and substation automation at all. Substation automation system sas provides protection, control, automation, monitoring, and communication capabilities as a part of a comprehensive substation control and monitoring solution. This paper describes the trends of substation technology, fuji electrics efforts in this field, as well as future prospects and problems. There are nonshielding methods, such as use of lightning arresters and spark gaps. Fundamentals of substation equipment and control systems. Table 2 provides a general list of substation equipment types, their basic function, and the category of substations that they would be used in. Ieee guide for substation fire protection redline abstract. Substation construction manual i reference ni000401r122 ver 3 ergon energy corporation limited abn 50 087 646 062 ergon energy queensland pty ltd abn 11 121 177 802 revision history version description of change date 1 initial version 250320 2 content revised and additional content added, including safety. Lightning arrestor is the first equipment of the substation connecting the incoming transmission lines.
Teleprotection systems teleprotection power grid protection. Recloser circuit breakers or fuses may be used for protection of distribution circuits. The electric power is produced at the power stations which are located at favourable places, generally quite away from the consumers. Outline of discussion protection and control basics protection fundamentals transmission line protection robust protective relaying scheme design substation configuration power system nerc requirements realworld examples. Design study for 3311 kv substation, distribution and protection in the city of kenya. Between the generating station and consumer, electric power may flow through several substations at different voltage levels. Considering the fact that the entire premise is rife with potential electrical and chemical hazards, even the slightest negligence can prove damaging. A piece of protection also has to do with safety of personnel for instance fast trip settings, disabling breaker reclose, arcflash settings etc. Emulsifier protection is associated with a grounding protection b dielectric strength protection of cables and conductors c lightning protection d fire protection. Nuclear power plants are addressed in nfpa 805, performancebased standard for fire protection for light water reactor electric generating plants. Protection devices in substations are largely made up of protective relays which. Test methodologies and data supporting these guidelines are also presented.
Overhead lines and substation equipment can be protected against direct strokes to a considerable extent by using earth or ground wires, which shield the equipment. Substation layout substation layout single line diagram check. Power substations contain expensive pieces of equipment. Presentation on substation protection devices presented by. The differential relay is used to provide internal fault protection to equipment such as transformers, generators, and buses.
Pdf power systems must be protected against faults to ensure quality and reliable generation, transmission and distribution of power systems. Trends in the field of substation automation systems before the introduction of microprocessorbased equipment and serial communication in substations, protection, control and monitoring were handled separately by different, dedicated pieces of equipment and resulted in. Faults instrument transformers correlation to drawings other. Manual control is performed by personnel using control switches to change the operating state of electrical equipment for some reason, such as equipment. Substation substation a station in the power transmission system at which electric power is transformed to a conveniently used form.
One protection interface per nsd570 system in the rack, contact type protection interfaces can be used in parallel to transfer traditional commands or to signal alarms support of automated engineering processes, based on substation configuration description scd files, compliant to iec 61850 ed. Substation configuration substation configuration can greatly affect protection choices substation physical design engineers must be in full agreement with protection and control engineers, even for temporary substation configurations. Relays are basically sensing gadgets which are devoted for sensing faults and are determining its location as well as sending interruption message of tripped command to the specific point of the circuit. Intelligent analysis processes to manage the monitored data for substation. It protects other substation equipment from lightning and switching surges by suppressing them to ground. Distribution substations michigan technological university. The first step in planning a substation layout is the preparation of a oneline diagram, which shows in simplified form the switching and protection arrangement required, as well as the incoming supply lines and outgoing feeders or transmission lines. Introduction substation protection system power systemprotection is a branch of electrical power engineering that deals with the protection of electrical power systems from faults through the isolation of faulty parts. The comparison proves that fixed angle method with. Teleprotection solutions with guaranteed performance using packet switched wide area communication networks english pdf white paper nsd570 teleprotection equipment english pdf brochure etl600 r4 universal digital power line carrier english pdf brochure advanced power grid protection english pdf article. Circuit breakers are used to interrupt any shortcircuits or overload currents that may occur on the network. Switchgear equipment disconnects and isolates a piece of equipment so maintenance work can be performed. The size of gas insulated substation is significantly small compared to conventional substation because a high electronegative property of sf6 gas b high dielectric. Dc power is used to feed essential services such as circuit breaker trip coils and associated relays, supervisory control and data acquisition scada.
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